Problem F: Garden of Eden ------------------------- Cellular automata are mathematical idealizations of physical systems in which both space and time are discrete, and the physical quantities take on a finite set of discrete values. A cellular automaton consists of a lattice (or array), usually infinite, of discrete-valued variables. The state of such automaton is completely specified by the values of the variables at each place in the lattice. Cellular automata evolve in discrete time steps, with the value at each place (cell) being affected by the values of variables at sites in its neighborhood on the previous time step. For each automaton there is a set of rules that define its evolution. For most cellular automata there are configurations (states) that are unreachable: no state will produce them by the application of the evolution rules. These states are called "Gardens of Eden" for they can only appear as initial states. As an example consider a trivial set of rules that evolve every cell into 0; for this automaton any state with non-zero cells is a "Garden of Eden." In general, finding the ancestor of a given state (or the non-existence of such ancestor) is a very hard, compute intensive, problem. For the sake of simplicity we will restrict the problem to 1-dimensional binary finite cellular automata. This is, the number of cells is a finite number, the cells are arranged in a linear fashion and their state will be either 0 or 1. To further simplify the problem each cell state will depend only on its previous state and that of its immediate neighbors (the one to the left and the one to the right). The actual arrangement of the cells will be along a circumference, so that the last cell is next to the first. Problem definition ------------------ Given a circular binary cellular automaton you must find out whether a given state is a "Garden of Eden" or a reachable state. The cellular automaton will be described in terms of its evolution rules. For example, the table below shows the evolution rules for the automaton: Cell = XOR(Left, Right). Left [i-1] Cell [i] Right [i+1] New State 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 Notice that, with the restrictions imposed to this problem, there are only 256 different automata. An identifier for each automaton can be generated by taking the New State vector and interpreting it as a binary number, as shown below. New State 0 0 * 2^0 = 0 1 1 * 2^1 = 2 0 0 * 2^2 = 0 1 1 * 2^3 = 8 1 1 * 2^4 = 16 0 0 * 2^5 = 0 1 1 * 2^6 = 64 0 0 * 2^7 = 0 ----------------------- 90 For instance, the automaton in the table has identifier 90. The identity automaton (every state evolves to itself) has identifier 204 (= 4 + 8 + 64 + 128). Input ----- The first line of the input contains T, the number of test cases (1 <= T <= 50). The following T lines each contain an input case. Each input case describes, in a single line, a cellular automaton and a state. The first item in the line is the identifier of the cellular automaton you must work with. The second item in the line is a positive integer N (4 <= N <= 32) indicating the number of cells for this test case. Finally, the third item in the line is a state represented by a string of exactly N zeros and ones. Output ------ If an input case describes a "Garden of Eden" you must output the string GARDEN OF EDEN. If the input does not describe a "Garden of Eden" (it is a reachable state) you must output the string REACHABLE. The output for each test case must be in a different line. Sample Input ------------ 4 0 4 1111 204 5 10101 255 6 000000 154 16 1000000000000000 Sample Output ------------- GARDEN OF EDEN REACHABLE GARDEN OF EDEN GARDEN OF EDEN